World disorder

 

Much has been said about the war between Ukraine and the Russian Federation. A war that has lasted for eight years and which, on February 24 2022 abandoned the form of conventional war to evolve into an open and ideological clash in which different motivations and multiple objectives converge.

Let's first make a premise: unfortunately, war is the last tool available to derive disputes since the human species lives on the planet. When every negotiation fails, differences are irreconcilable, distrust and animosity rage between parties, war is the last resort. And war is appalling. Every single war is horrible. Each war leaves traumas that will be passed on to future generations. War has in it unspeakable pain and hatred. We must never rejoice any time we learn there is war somewhere.

However, the Russian-Ukrainian war is perceived very differently. The actual warring parties both have valid reasons for engaging in hostility. The Western Bloc has a little less.

From the outset, from Washington to Brussels, the war has been defined as the struggle of global democracy against autocracy. A war between the empire of liberty and the forces of darkness. And, curiously, these terms are spent amongst fellow business partners. The United States, the European Union and Russia have been doing business for three decades, profiting from each other. Furthermore,the Americans, together with the Russians, have been running for more than twenty years a space station in low Earth orbit (LEO) the size of a football stadium 400 kilometres above sea level. Westerners know the Russians better than the Ukrainians. The profusion of poetry and conviction of the Western propaganda can appease its own electorate, but it is unlikely it can hold sway outside its confines.

Three years before the outbreak of the war, at a conference hosted by the Raisina Dialogue, the Indian Foreign Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar (1), said:

“To be very honest, if there is one thing that baffles me about American thinking currently and, to some extent, European thinking is this obsession with Russia. (Turning to the interviewer) You see, it is so emotional and visceral, more so than India has with Pakistan. We have not passed laws to sanction Pakistan. " And he goes on to say: “Let me tell you why, why haven't we passed laws to sanction Pakistan? You see, in this part of the world, we get advice from other people saying: "be pragmatic", "be rational", "you can't talk to other guy", "yes, maybe they do bad things, but you got to live with it" and for people who give you all this advice in running our lives [..] yes, absolutely. The extreme to which this is gone I'm not sure is even smart."

Three years later, however, the outbreak of war in Ukraine turned out to be ideological. For the Russians, it seems to be a return to the battlefield, ready to show the enemies that they are still able to wreak havoc and make the Ukrainians understand (rebel brothers in their eyes), who has the upper hand or create enough destruction for daring to lure the enemy to the doorstep. And then there is the whole Western bloc that from the height of its living standard hasn't sent any army, hasn't dropped any bomb because the reason seems to be that they don't want to further escalate the conflict, so Washington and Brussels have decided instead to impose economic sanctions on Russia. Upper-middle-class assets of the Russian bourgeoisie have been frozen and seized, and many Western companies have been banned from working with Russian businesses. The spirit of solidarity that allowed this economic amputation that has thrown the world economy and trade into chaos is based on the following assumptions:

  • this war is uniquely horrendous,
  • the invasion of Ukraine is illegal,
  • Vladimir Putin is an autocrat who holds Russia hostage
  • Ukrainians are like us, and therefore deserve to be helped.

The reason why these statements managed to make their way into the consciences of the peoples who live in the West are two wrong beliefs:

  • living with a post-historical idea of history. According to this concept, colonialism first and then imperialism, belong to something remote, distant, so as to self-absolve themselves and not confront the streams of blood of the past, and therefore not to think about all the events that have led to Western supremacy in the last five centuries and to the recent world wars that can be considered a European tribal conflict waged on a planetary scale. The West has violated international law, it has not been egalitarian, it has oppressed, it has waged war on almost all peoples on Earth, and if there is a threat globally, the rest of the world has much more reason to believe it is between Washington and Brussels than somewhere else.
  • The conviction of being the majority of humanity on Earth, and that therefore humanity is white, Christian with European tradition, while instead, the West represents a minority part of humanity, a very rich and well-armed part, and that its decisions and reflections are universal and necessary.

The outbreak of the war immediately created a scale of values for which the life of the Ukrainians seemed to be worth more than others similarly more unfortunate because they are white, Christian, and blond with blue eyes. (2)

The war in Ukraine is also unique because Ukraine is not in the European Union, it is not in NATO, and it has been elevated to a bulwark of Western civilisation, certainly not for history but out of mere convenience. Many politicians and journalists (3) began to say: "a war like this has never been seen in Europe", adding "that the people who flee are European families who could easily be your neighbours", or even "Ukraine does not is a developing country of the third world " in short, these gentlemen suggest the idea that it is not a thing for whites to flee their country and that it is a custom that appears more suited to darker subjects, not to mention the promotion of pictures of Ukrainian child soldiers with proud eyes ready to fight, and some even with rifles in their hands and lollipops in their mouths. The conflict was understood by the Western ruling class as a clash of civilisations that goes beyond a mere armed conflict so as to take on a dimension that has almost the connotations of a holy war. Due to this approach, which has historical and ideological roots, mixed with the detachment created by the high quality of life and welfare, the conflict in the West has been reduced to a stadium cheer, where there is your favourite team and the opposing team; where the war is between the forces of good and those of evil. Too bad there was not the same zeal for the many innocent deaths victims of Western intervention in Libya and Yemen, to name just a few.

However, the clash does not see fighting NATO troops in Ukrainian territory for fear of Russia’s nuclear arsenal, so the Ukrainians find themselves making a hybrid resistance confined within their state. At the same time, they are not allowed to attack Russia. Ukraine therefore finds itself victim of imperialist aggression in the East and imperialist opportunism in the West. We are witnessing the immolation of the old world order on the living flesh of the Ukrainians who have every reason to oppose the Russians, but its opulent allies have seen fit to magnify this martyrdom by making the war trendy, cool, social, pop, vegan, glamor, glittery, animal-friendly, an exalted resistance like no one ever, almost on the verge of militarism, obviously by proxy. Ukraine tries to manoeuvre the war through the means of communication provided by the allies. The democratic bloc has flooded the country with weapons with an agreement to repel the Russians, not to attack them; therefore, a hypothetical march of the Ukrainians towards Moscow appears unrealistic. The pushback of the Russian armies appears much more achievable but certainly more demanding, even if it seems unlikely that the Ukrainian flag will return to fly over Crimea and the Donbass region; however it may seem, it is a scenario not to be ruled out, so, how is it possible to win this war? Do the Ukrainians need so many weapons? I don't think there is any other example in the world of a country that has enjoyed such vast military aid. Ukraine's allies speak of ideals, but no one wants to sacrifice the lives of their soldiers on Ukrainian territory. Iraq has been invaded for much less. The country has suffered for years an odious embargo (which cost the lives of half a million children for which the American secretary of state at the time stated in an interview that it was worth it), suffered a heavy bombardment of its territory which killed men, women and children, the global coverage of Saddam Hussein’s death, followed then by the entire occupation of the Iraqi nation by the Americans.

Ukraine moves in a very clumsy way because its ruling class has found itself managing an amorphous consensus outside its territory and is struggling to manage it.

The country is also infamous for becoming the favourite destination for white supremacists from all over the globe. We are talking about men and women who in no way believe in the equality of the human species but rather the superiority or, to put it in another way, the exceptionality of the white race. (4) Animated by the exploits of the ultra-nationalist fringe after the Euromaidan, many of these gentlemen thought it was a good idea to support their cause. History was unfolding, and many wanted to be part of it, but for many, there was more: those in search of adventure, social position or military training; in short, they all set out. A flow of far-right fighters has effectively made Ukraine the hub of a transnational network of white supremacists in the last decade. The Azov battalion has long tried to dilute its extremist elements, but many of its members embrace the ideology of white supremacism. Andriy Biletsky, first battalion commander and former parliamentarian, led a neo-nazi paramilitary organisation called "Patriots of Ukraine" and in 2010 declared that the Ukrainian nation's mission is to "lead the white race in the last crusade. against subhumans led by Jews ”. (5) What do all these militants have in common? These fighters feel that there will soon be a battle to preserve European white culture, which prompts them to learn fighting techniques and warfare tactics.(6)

Western politicians have financed the war aspirations of these gentlemen, not only in the name of defending Ukraine against Russia, but in the name of the holy war of the free world against autocracies.

All these considerations, however, must not lead to justifying a war of aggression. Russians are not saints, and as a people, they have a profound idea of themselves and a vocsl imperial vocation. Russia must lead the world. Slavic people that embraces the European and Asian continent, and this expansion were also done with brute force and the will to "russify" peoples near and far. Thus, the tsarist empire moved over the centuries and saw its nationalism cloaked in universalism in Soviet Russia. With regard to Ukraine, the Russians have historically taken every measure to assimilate its people. Catherine the Great colonised Crimea and developed it to the detriment of the Tatar-Muslim population and the residual Hellenic nuclei on the territory. Subsequently, Tsar Alexander II prohibited the printing or importation from abroad of any element of Ukrainian literature and any performance or transcription of Ukrainian folk music. Not to mention all the calls from Soviet leaders to ban any form of what they called Ukrainization. In short, we have a country that for centuries has always fought for its freedom and identity against its neighbour who, with its paternalistic attitude, has always posed as an abusive parent. And to wage this fight, the Ukrainians have for a long time unsuccessfully courted the European Union, which has always seen the Ukrainian territory as a distant crossroads and the Ukrainian people as distant Russians but still Russians, so much so that for many in Europe, they are one. And they have been. This conflicting past weighs heavily on relations between Ukraine and Russia. Moscow has always considered Kyiv to be part of the Russkiy Mir, which encompasses three elements at the same time: the Russian community, the Russian order and the Russian world. (7) The President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, has often referred to this great nationalist sentiment of the Slavic nation and then justified the invasion by writing a long thesis on fraternal ties between Russia and Ukraine. Ukraine is for the Russians and most Eastern European peoples, a bit like the Greek civilisation was for the Roman Empire. The territory boasts the oldest places of settlement after the last ice age and which in the Mesolithic began to practice agriculture, the practice of tombstones, stone idols, the stone women of Zaporizhia, the adoption and development of the ancient Cyrillic alphabet in Kievan Rus' which spread from Moscow to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, and in Ukrainian Taras Shevchenko and Larysa Petrivna Kosač-Kvitka will write their poems, up to Brezhnev and Khrushchev leaders of the Communist Nomeklatura of the Soviet Union or the pianist and composer Nikolaj Girševič Kapustin, in short, a complex of historical inheritances that the Russians have acquired and of which they become porters and defenders, but which the Ukrainians see as a real theft. (8) And from the point of view of the Ukrainians, these historical reasons underlie the Russian inferiority complex. Muscovy was the smallest of the Russian duchies in the feudal era that, during the sixteenth century, extended its dominion in the northeastern part of the Russian territories, thus constituting the nucleus from which first the kingdom of Great Russia and later the empire of all the Russias emerged. Without Ukraine, Russia, therefore, loses its historical identity as the unifying force of all the Russias (9) and that is why they want Ukraine to be part of the Russian Federation or in any case under Russian control. The Russians fear those descendants of primaeval Russia who call themselves Ukrainians. The conflict, therefore, takes on an existential aspect that differs from the Western one of democracy against autocracy, the resurgence of the Soviet Union or the rebirth of the Russian Empire with Tsar Vladimir Putin, the fundamental question is whether the Russian Federation has the right to define themselves Russian at all rather than Asian barbarian horde or simply mere Muscovites. The issue becomes even more heated in the eyes of the Kremlin on a geopolitical scale where war becomes the only way forward. In their eyes, the leaders of Kyiv have sold out their autonomy, their history and plotted together with the West for a regime change in Russia.

Russia has imperialist tendencies as much as the United States of America, with the only difference being that the United States is the only nation whose imperialism has reached a global scale. The end of the last century, however, convinced the West that it was, in a certain fashion, the apex of civilisation and the natural fulfilment of every human social organisation.

This conviction is what led the West to celebrate the end of history. (10) In Washington, they uncorked the champagne; however, thirty years later, perhaps, slowly, the West is discovering again that history is not dead but well alive, and that we can act and redefine the rules of the game. In the West, we think we are agents of modernity acting outside of space-time. Indeed, we think we are modernity itself. Since we arrived earlier (in modernity), the idea of possessing the privileged way to modernity is dominant, and the natural tendency is to universalise the Western experience. This attitude has made the West "the most provincial of all the great contemporary civilisations". Not only the Anglo-Saxon world or, in a broad sense, the West "has not had an external view of itself" in modern times; Westerners have never had to take other people's views on them seriously. Nor, like the representatives of other great cultures, have they deliberately dismantled much of their cultural heritage and then reassembled it immediately afterwards in order to survive. This circumstance has generated what could be the ultimate paradox, namely that Westerners, who have done more than any other people to create the modern world, are the least capable of comprehending it. (11)

With the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, the collective West (as Moscow dubbed the United States and its allies) thus assumed a Manichean approach to the conflict, full of references to the war against Nazism and Fascism conducted by the United States and the United Kingdom as a founding and seminal event of what is good and what is evil on a global level. A moral yardstick on which constant references are made from Brussels to Washington, and the aim is not openly declared but very clear: to defeat the Russian Federation. This ideological attitude makes the Russian-Ukrainian conflict without history, without a past, an ideal conflict, a digital conflict.

For many Westerners, watching the conflict in Ukraine has become like watching a football event in high definition on their home screen from the comfort of the sofa. It is a mentality exacerbated by the bombing of Western propaganda, which justifies the shipment of weapons to Ukraine, the financing of the resistance and which legitimises the Atlantic strategy of sanctions by proceeding on the one hand through the sanctification of myths such as Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyi and his heroic fellow citizens, on the other hand with the dehumanisation of the Russians, including civilians.

The Ukrainian ruling class has made good use of the powerful media and a dozen communication experts and transformed their struggle into a sort of interactive resistance. People can now participate in the bloody spectacle by paying money to put their slogans on bombs and drones aimed at the Russians and Russian-speaking populations fighting in the disputed territories. (12) Thousands of Westerners not directly affected by the violence are happily playing this interactive video game, literally throwing messages like "Hey Russians! I hope you like Ukrainian heavy metal" to the more refined "Fuck you Russians!". (13)

The indulgence of violence has taken on a new level, becoming almost like an interactive video game in which distant observers can become indirect participants in the conflict. It takes a certain level of audacity to be so involved in a conflict between two countries, one of which many could not even identify on a map earlier this year. Those who indulge in the commodification of real-world suffering not only long for the deaths of people they don't know but happily pay to become indirect participants.

But why, then, have the economically and strategically dominant Western nations failed to secure the worldwide denunciation of what is obviously a blatant breach of international law?

The answer is simple: it may have less to do with Ukraine and more to do with America. There is fear and suspicion among the nations of the world of being drawn into another showdown between the United States and Russia. Kyiv may be the victim and Moscow the aggressor, but in the eyes of many, Washington is not entirely innocent in all of this.

Having proclaimed itself the "policemen of the world", the United States is accused or seen interfering in the internal affairs of other states under various pretexts, including in Russia and China.

In addition, Western countries are accused of double standards when it comes to aggression, occupation and violations of international law: one rule for allies and another for the rest of the world, just as it was during the Cold War. That war might have been cold in the north, but it was burning in the global south, where Moscow and Washington engaged in proxy conflicts to further their interests, regardless of the human cost. And it is precisely by taking these observations into account that the statements of the Indian Foreign Minister are most relevant.

When asked by a reporter if he thinks someone will help New Delhi in case of problems with China after he has not helped other nations for Ukraine, the minister replies:

"There is a linkage today which is being made. A linkage between China and India and what’s happening in Ukraine. So, come on guys, I mean China and India happened way before anything happened in Ukraine. So the Chinese don’t need a precedent somewhere else in the world on how to engage us or not engage us or be difficult with us or not be difficult with us. I don’t see this frankly as a very clever argument, a very self-serving one. [..] But this idea that I do a transaction, that I come in one conflict because it will help me in conflict two, that’s not how the world works. So, a lot of our problems with China have nothing to do with Ukraine, have nothing to do with Russia, they are predated. "

"Somewhere Europe has to grow out of the mindset that Europe's problems are the world's problems but the world's problems are not Europe's problems. That if it is you, it's yours, if it is me it is ours. I see reflections of that."

Minister Jaishankar said that Europe was also silent on many developments in Asia. "If I were to take Europe collectively, which has been singularly silent on many things which were happening, for example in Asia, you could ask why would anybody in Asia trust Europe on anything at all.” (14) he said.

Foreign Minister Naledi Pandor said in this regard: In terms of interacting with some of our partners in Europe and elsewhere, there was a sense of condescending bullying "either us or them". (15) The minister said [..] it is important that everyone respect the different opinions of different nations. “After all, we are sovereign nations recognised as equal under the United Nations Charter. We may differ in terms of economic power and economic ability to influence developments in different parts of the world, but what will keep the world going is if we respect each other. One thing that I definitely don't like and that I am told: either us or them!” Minister Pandor reaffirmed. No EU politician from Brussels commented these statements. (16)

And still Africa, Macron declares that the aggression in Ukraine is similar in its essential lines to the conflicts of the twentieth century, even of the nineteenth century. If we add his declaration that Russia is the last colonial power, the situation becomes ridiculous. In the historical memory of many African countries, Russia has financed many liberation movements against the yoke of European imperialism. (17) Statements such as Macron's are met with considerable scepticism in peoples with another history. A history in which Europe was an aggressor and annexed territories, redesigned borders, plundered, enslaved, manipulated, and fiercely fought all resistance and a breath of freedom in the name of its arrogance and interests.

The West is not in the moral position to say what is right and what is wrong, and this allows Putin to do what he wants. (18) Ukraine found itself in the middle of a perfect storm. Everyone wants to take a piece of the Ukrainian people's dreams. Russia has stolen security and life from the Ukrainians. Her allies instead give the country weapons, misery and actively extract opportunities only for themselves. Starting with US President Biden appearing to have dived into Ukraine in hopes of solidifying his credentials as a statesman at a time when his political career was reaching the end of the line. Apparently, the country showed all the right and disturbing elements for a fresh start: threatened by Russia, plundered by oligarchs, plagued by an unresolved ruling class and invaded by outsiders hoping to quickly gain from the chaos. Writing in his 2017 memoir, Biden said Ukraine gave him a chance to deliver on his childhood promise to make a difference in the world. (19) Was that what he was thinking when his son Hunter joined the board of directors of a Ukrainian gas company (position worth $ 50,000 a month) that has been the subject of multiple corruption investigations? Or perhaps he was thinking of an improvement when Victoria Nuland commented on the phone, "F ** k the EU" (20) revealing the extent to which Washington was rashly manoeuvring to weaken Ukraine's elected pro-Russian president Viktor Yanukovych, backing the protesters' demands on the streets of Kyiv. Ironically, the EU had wanted to take things more gradually at the time when on 22 February 2014, the foreign ministers of Germany, France and Poland, acting for the EU, negotiated a compromise agreement that provided for early elections. The crisis seemed to have been defused. Russia did not like the deal but seemed ready to move forward, but within 24 hours, the opposition tore the deal. To alarm Moscow, the Ukrainian neo-fascists (among those who took power) were part of the new Kyiv government.

The US almost immediately gave its blessing to what the Kremlin has since then always described as a "coup d'état" while the EU, knowing this was what Washington wanted, just watched.

And it is precisely the European Union that perhaps has the least important interests in this conflict, not only because the governments of the member states have divergent interests and many perceive the current policy of the European Commission as something in-between a fort and a straight-jacket. The Ukrainian integration process could have started a long time ago, saving lots of money and with fewer streams of Ukrainian blood if only there had been a serious political will in this sense; however, Ukraine's entry into the European Union has never been a priority and has never attracted huge support. Instead, for the generation of old American politicians who grew up in the Cold War and in the fear of the Soviet Union, the European space (which they call the transatlantic community) is a kind of centre of gravity to defend. The Empire of Freedom currently benefits more than any party from the Russian-Ukrainian conflict because not only has NATO returned to being the main instrument with which the president of the free world advances US foreign policy in Europe, but in doing so it has also expanded the organisation and now NATO has a long border with the Russian Federation thus strengthening Washington's deterrence and containment capacity against Moscow; but most importantly, the White House has succeeded in obtaining a cultural, commercial, artistic, even energetic detachment of the European bloc from the Russian world.

The energy aspect is crucial because the United States has even sanctioned a port, the companies and individuals involved in the construction of the Nord Stream 2 in Germany because, from their point of view, it is an "instrument of coercion and political leverage" that Moscow could use against Berlin which risks to significantly weaken US ties with Germany and other European allies. (21)

Back then, the government of German Chancellor Angela Merkel condemned the measures urging the United States not to interfere in European energy policy. "The sanctions target German and other European companies, and we see the move as meddling in our internal affairs," a government spokeswoman said. Finance Minister and now Chancellor Olaf Scholz called the US sanctions "a severe intervention in German and European internal affairs".

The European Union also opposed the sanctions. A spokesman criticised "the imposition of sanctions on EU companies conducting legitimate business". (22)

Those days are gone, and today the President of the Federal Republic of Germany Frank-Walter Steinmeier claims that he made a miscalculation and that he believed that “Vladimir Putin would embrace his country's complete economic, political and moral ruin for the sake of his imperial madness,” he added. “Like others, I was wrong.” (23)

Nord Stream 2 is therefore not operational and the German government has blocked it. And while Russian officials call the pipe "not dead, rather a sleeping beauty" (24), it doesn't look like it will be used in the short term. Meanwhile, Nord Stream 1 was also cut off by the Kremlin until the West lifts sanctions.

The energy security of the European Union appears to be compromised, and the United States has probably managed to secure for itself the old continent.

On the other side of the world, in Vladivostok, at the Eastern Economic Conference, Russian President Putin aroused several applause from the audience after declaring that American dominance in world politics is waning and that it is impossible to isolate Russia from the world economy. More than the approval of what the Russian president was saying, perhaps what everyone was trying to convey was that the rest of the world can go on without the United States, leaving behind the days of Washington forcing the world to do what it wanted.

Especially when it comes to Far Eastern integration, a world without the United States could really take shape. The largest industrial production belt in the world is forming in the Far East. An international model of cross-border division of labour has been created between China, Japan, South Korea and ASEAN, and the region's total exports have already surpassed those of the EU and North America combined.

The next two decades will likely see the largest wealth transfer in history, from the transatlantic community to the Far East, where thousands of new bussinesses are formed.

The Far East is becoming the innovation hub of the smart revolution. Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Seoul, Singapore and Tokyo are among the world's high-tech cities and technologies such as driverless transportation, urban IoT implementation, sensor networks, cashless payments, energy saving, energy storage batteries, urban surveillance and telemedicine are innovating and spreading much faster in Far Eastern countries than in Europe, the United States and other countries.

The world is changing. New scenarios are opening up before us. We are swimming in open water.

BIBLIOGRAFY

1) US AND EUROPE’S OBSESSION WITH RUSSIA EMOTIONAL, VISCERAL - Q&A RAISINA DIALOGUE | Dr. JAISHANKAR
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-df4KWgsEE

2) THEY ARE ‘CIVILISED’ AND ‘LOOK LIKE US’: THE RACIST COVERAGE OF UKRAINE, GUARDIAN | MOUSTAFA BAYOUMI
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3) WESTERN MEDIA’S RACIST REPORTAGE ON UKRAINIAN REFUGEES | GRAVITAS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KBRwmTVVKQk

4) HOW A WAR ON THE EDGE OF EUROPE BECAME A TRAINING GROUND FOR THE FAR-RIGHT | VICE
https://www.vice.com/en/article/88ngmx/ukraine-war-far-right-decade-of-hate

5) UKRAINE’S NATIONAL MILITIA: “WE ARE NOT NEO-NAZIs, WE JUST WANT TO MAKE OUR COUNTRY BETTER”
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6) FAR-RIGHT EXTREMISTS HAVE BEEN USING UKRAINE’S WAR AS A TRAINING GROUND. THEY’RE RETURNING HOME. | VICE
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12) PEOPLE ARE PAYING TO PAINT PERSONAL MESSAGES ON ARTILLERY | NEW YORK TIMES

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/22/world/europe/ukraine-artillery-shells.html

13) MISSILE MAIL. UKRAINIAN VOLUNTEERS WRITE DEADLY GREETINGS TO RUSSIA TO RAISE MONEY

https://kyivindependent.com/national/missile-mail-ukrainian-volunteers-write-deadly-greetings-to-russia-to-raise-money

14 ) INDIAN FOREIGN MINISTER SUBRAHMANYAM JAISHANKAR FULL INTERVIEW

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7EEiIlZWO4E

15) SOUTH AFRICA FOREIGN MINISTER NALEDI PANDOR STATEMENT
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ta5mR4Ig-YI

16) REPORTING ON EU RESPONSE TO SOUTH AFRICA FOREIGN MINISTER STATEMENT
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQFczdERqvI

17) MACRON CALLS RUSSIA ‘ONE OF THE LAST IMPERIAL COLONIAL POWERS’ ON AFRICA VISIT
https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20220728-marcon-calls-russia-one-of-last-imperial-colonial-powers-in-benin-visit

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19) WHAT JOE BIDEN ACTUALLY DID IN UKRAINE | NEW YORK TIMES
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/10/us/politics/joe-biden-ukraine.html

20) "F**k the EU" US DIPLOMAT EMBRASSAED AFTER UNDIPLOMATIC LANGUAGE CAUGHT ON TAPE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bdygnTrrGVI

21) US SENATORS THREATEN GERMANY’S PORT TOWN OF SASSNITZ OVER NORD STREAM 2 GAS PROJECT

https://www.dw.com/en/us-sanctions-nord-stream-2-gas/a-54565504

22) GERMANY, EU DECRY US NORD STREAM SANCTIONS | DW

https://www.dw.com/en/germany-eu-decry-us-nord-stream-sanctions/a-51759319

23) “WRONG ABOUT PUTIN” DID GERMANY AND FRANCE TURN A BLIND EYEN TO THE THREAT FROM RUSSIA?

https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220405-wrong-about-putin-did-germany-and-france-turn-blind-eye-to-threat-from-russia

24) RUSSIAN AMBASSADOR CHIZHOV NORD STREAM 2 IS NOT DEAD ITS A SLEEPING BEAUTY

https://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/interview/russian-ambassador-chizhov-nord-stream-2-is-not-dead-its-a-sleeping-beauty/